The study will analyze direct and indirect effects of food insecurity on child outcomes, using structural equation models (SEM). Structural equations will be developed using pathways consisting of infant feeding practices and parenting processes (e.g., parenting behaviors and parent-child interactions). The study will also examine how the pathways from food insecurity to child outcomes differ based on the characteristics of children and their families, such as children with low birthweight, children from low-income families, and children with foreign-born parents. The study will use data from the 9-month and 24-month waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a nationally representative longitudinal study of 10,000 children born in 2001. The study follows children from infancy to the time they enter school, to assess prospectively their experiences and development. Data are derived from birth certificates, parental reports, and child assessments.